Geographic tongue, also known as benign migratory glossitis, is a relatively common yet poorly understood condition that affects the tongue’s surface.
The condition is characterized by irregular, smooth, and red patches that can appear anywhere on the tongue. These patches can change in shape and size, and the borders of the patches can become raised and white. The condition is not contagious or harmful, and it typically resolves on its own without any treatment.
Symptoms of Geographic Tongue
Geographic tongue is often asymptomatic, meaning it does not cause pain or discomfort. However, some people may experience a burning or stinging sensation when they consume spicy or acidic foods. In rare cases, the condition can cause a sore throat or difficulty swallowing.
Causes of Geographic Tongue
Medical professionals currently do not know the exact cause of geographic tongue, but they believe it is related to an immune system disorder or a deficiency in certain vitamins and minerals. The condition is more common in people with a family history of the condition and is also more common in women.
Diagnosis and Treatment
There is no cure for geographic tongue, but treatment is usually not necessary unless symptoms are bothersome. A dental or medical professional typically diagnoses geographic tongue by visually examining the tongue’s surface. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is typically not necessary, as the condition is benign and self-limiting. However, if symptoms are present, treatment may include avoiding spicy and acidic foods, using over-the-counter pain relievers, or taking vitamin and mineral supplements.
In some cases, medications such as corticosteroids or mouthwash containing anesthetic agents can be used to alleviate pain or discomfort. It is also important to maintain good oral hygiene and avoid foods or substances that may trigger symptoms. In most cases, geographic tongue will resolve on its own without any complications.
Prevention
There is no known way to prevent geographic tongue. However, maintaining good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice a day, flossing regularly, and avoiding tobacco use, can help reduce the risk of developing the condition.
Conclusion
“Geographic tongue is a harmless condition that can be uncomfortable, but it does not cause any long-term health problems. Stress, hormonal changes, and certain foods, such as spicy or acidic items, often link to it. If you experience discomfort, your dentist can recommend products or medications to alleviate your symptoms”, stated Dr Mark Wolff, DDS, PhD, dean of the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine.
Geographic tongue is a relatively common and benign condition that affects the tongue’s surface. While it can cause some discomfort, it typically resolves on its own without any treatment. If you experience any unusual changes to your tongue’s appearance or have concerns about your oral health, consult a dental or medical professional.
