Author: Kaye

Kaye obtained her Masters of Pharmacy degree from the University College London and has spent the better part of her career as a clinical pharmacist in a tertiary care hospital. Her professional interests are centred on HEOR and HTA work, in hopes of ultimately influencing cost-effective decisions for patient care.

Disease Burden and Clinical Landscape Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is an extreme manifestation of progressive kidney function deterioration in patients with advanced liver disease. This is most common in those with advanced cirrhosis and ascites.1 HRS is further subdivided into several types that are generally differentiated by disease course i.e. HRS Type 1 (HRS-1), known more recently as HRS-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI), or HRS Type 2 (HRS-2), which is further divided into HRS-acute kidney disease (HRS-AKD) and HRS-chronic kidney disease (HRS-CKD).2,3  HRS-1 or HRS-AKI is characterized by an abrupt deterioration of renal function whereby serum creatinine doubles or rises by at least 0.3…

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