Struggling with insomnia and wondering if sleeping pills are the answer? This guide explains how different sleep medications work, their risks, and how to discuss this with your healthcare provider.
Struggling with insomnia? You’re far from alone.
In our fast-paced world, stress lurks around every corner. Sleep can feel like a luxury than a necessity. Many of us wrestle with sleeplessness; either lying awake, waking too early, or drifting off only to wake again. Stress is usually the principal culprit for poor sleep, especially in the city.
Sleep deprivation whether from lack of sleep or disrupted patterns, are linked to a host of diseases. When restless nights become the norm, the mind searches for quick relief. For many, that relief comes in the form of a sleeping pill.
What Are Sleeping Pills?
Sleeping pills are medications designed to help induce or maintain sleep. They work by acting on different parts of the brain to ease you into rest. Some nudge the brain into rest, others silence anxiety, and a few work by switching off wakefulness altogether.
As different sleep medications may work differently, it’s crucial to speak to a doctor or pharmacist for their professional advice.
Types of Sleeping Pills
Melatonin Supplements
Melatonin is a natural hormone our body produces to regulate the sleep-wake cycle (the circadian rhythm). Taking these supplements boosts melatonin levels, helping to initiate sleep.
Various doses are available as over-the-counter supplements (e.g. 3mg, 5mg, 10mg), and often used for jet-lag and shift work. There are also melatonin medication available under doctor’s prescription.
While it is generally safe, some experience side effects such as vivid dreams or nightmares after taking melatonin supplements. It is also known to interact with medications such as anticoagulants, anticonvulsants and even diabetes medication. Be sure to consult your healthcare provider before starting on melatonin supplements.
Benzodiazepines
More commonly known as “benzos”, benzodiazepines enhance the effect of a neurotransmitter (chemical messenger) from the brain called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). GABA slows brain activity, helping you to fall asleep faster and longer. They are also useful for people with anxiety that leads to sleeplessness.
Examples:
- Alprazolam
- Diazepam
- Lorazepam
Doctors sometimes prescribe them for short-term insomnia, especially when anxiety is a major contributor. However, they carry a significant risk of dependence and withdrawal if used long term.
“Z-drugs” (non-benzodiazepine hypnotics)
Z-drugs also act on the GABA receptor complex like benzodiazepines, but they are more selective. The selectivity makes them more effective when it comes to sedative and hypnotic effect, and with less anxiolytic and muscle-relaxant activity compared to traditional benzodiazepines.With long-term use, there is still a similar risk of dependence.
Examples:
- Zolpidem
- Zopiclone
They are widely prescribed for short-term insomnia but can still cause next-day drowsiness or unusual sleep behaviours.
Orexin Receptor Antagonists
Orexin receptor antagonists target orexin – a neuropeptide that promotes wakefulness. By blocking orexin, they help the brain transition into sleep more naturally. They work differently from benzodiazepines and Z-drugs that target the GABA system.
Examples:
- Lemborexant
- Suvorexant
These are newer medications and may suit people who struggle with both sleep onset and sleep maintenance, and those who do not tolerate or benefit from the GABA medication. In addition to insomnia, orexin receptor antagonists also show promise in treating other psychiatric disorders.
Antihistamines
First-generation antihistamines have sedative effects and may be used as a sedative, especially to support patient’s rest when it comes to symptoms like itch.
Examples:
- Hydroxyzine
- Diphenhydramine
However, they often cause anticholinergic side effects like dry mouth, constipation, and are not suitable for long-term use. They may be linked to an increased risk of dementia, especially in older adults.
Things to Watch Out For
While sleep aids can be very helpful for those struggling to get proper shuteye, these medications should be used with caution.
Dependence and withdrawal
Many sleeping pills, especially benzodiazepines, can lead to dependence if used long term. Stopping the medication suddenly might lead to rebound insomnia or withdrawal symptoms like anxiety and restlessness.
Next-day impairment
Side effects such as grogginess, slowed reactions, or poor concentration may impair driving or work performance. Ensure you have at least 7–8 hours of sleep after taking them.
Interactions with other substances
Combining sleeping pills with alcohol can intensify the sedative effects. Sleeping pills may also have potential interactions with other medications, thus always inform your doctor if you are taking any medication or supplements.
Foster Good Sleep Habits
Medications may help temporarily, but they are not a long-term cure. Quality sleep comes from developing healthy habits.
Ways to foster good sleep habits:
- Have a consistent bedtime and wake-up time.
- Avoid screens at least an hour before bedtime.
- Keep your bedroom cool, dark, and quiet.
- Reduce caffeine and alcohol intake at least 6 hours before bedtime.
- Try relaxation techniques (e.g. deep breathing, meditation).
- Avoid intense exercises right before bedtime.
Good sleep hygiene strengthens natural sleep pathways in the brain, making long-term medication less necessary.
Key Takeaways
Sleeping pills are generally prescribed for short-term relief of insomnia or serious sleep disturbances. Long-term use is discouraged as tolerance, dependence, and rebound insomnia may develop.
Tips for safe use:
- Take the lowest effective dose.
- Use for the shortest possible duration.
- Avoid alcohol while using sleeping pills.
- Never share your medication.
- Consult a doctor if insomnia lasts more than 2–4 weeks (this may signal an underlying condition).
Now, good night and hope you can sleep well tonight!
Struggling with your sleep and want clearer answers? Explore our Sleep page for practical guidance, medical insights, and real questions people ask about sleep.
You can also take our Sleep Quiz to see how your sleep habits measure up.
References
- 172 Diseases Linked to Poor Sleep Patterns, Study Finds. Medical Channel Asia. Updated: 2 August 2025. https://medicalchannelasia.com/172-diseases-linked-to-poor-sleep-patterns-study-finds/
- Benzodiazepines (Benzos). Cleveland Clinic. Updated: 1 March 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24570-benzodiazepines-benzos
- Z-Drug. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/z-drug
- Mogavero, M. P., et al. (2023). Targeting Orexin Receptors for the Treatment of Insomnia: From Physiological Mechanisms to Current Clinical Evidence and Recommendations. Nature and science of sleep, 15, 17–38. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9879039/
- Sleepmaxxing To Get Quality Zs. Medical Channel Asia. Updated:14 February 2025. https://medicalchannelasia.com/sleepmaxxing-to-get-quality-zs/
- Struggling with Sleep? Here’s How To Fall Asleep Fast. Medical Channel Asia. Updated: 16 May 2025. https://medicalchannelasia.com/struggling-with-sleep-heres-how-to-fall-asleep-fast/
